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Reactive Group Datasheet

Aryl Halides

What are reactive groups?

Reactive groups are categories of chemicals that typically react in similar ways because they are similar in their chemical structure. Each substance with a chemical datasheet has been assigned to one or more reactive groups, and CAMEO Chemicals uses the reactive group assignments to make its reactivity predictions. More info about reactivity predictions...

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There are 381 chemical datasheets assigned to this reactive group.

Description

Flammability
Flammability varies and often is determined by degree of halogenation (increasing degree of halogenation reduces flammability).
Reactivity
Simple aromatic halogenated organic compounds are very unreactive, and generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Aryl halides do not participate in conventional SN2 nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Instead the halides are displaced by strong nucleophiles via reactions involving radical anions. On the other hand, aryl halides, especially the bromides and iodides, undergo oxidative addition with transition metals, and thus are subject to palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Aryl halides react with metals like magnesium, to give more reactive derivatives that behave as sources of aryl anions (e.g. Grignard reagents). At high temperatures, aryl halides react with ammonia to give anilines.
Toxicity
Low to moderate toxicity exists for compounds in this class. High vapor concentrations of these compounds may have an anesthetic effect.
Other Characteristics
An aryl halide (also known as haloarene or halogenoarene) is an aromatic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms directly bonded to an aromatic ring are replaced by a halide. The haloarenes are distinguished from haloalkanes because they exhibit many differences in methods of preparation and properties. The most important members are the aryl chlorides, but the class of compounds is so broad that many derivatives are intermediates in synthesis of commercial products, act as solvents, additive to motor oils.
Examples
1-Chloronapthalene, benzotrichloride, bromobenzene, chlorotoluenes, cyanazine, dichlone, hexachlorophene, linuron, methazole, oxazepam.

Reactivity Documentation

Use the links below to find out how this reactive group interacts with any of the reactive groups in the database.

The predicted hazards and gas byproducts for each reactive group pair will be displayed, as well as documentation and references that were used to make the reactivity predictions.

Mix Aryl Halides with: