Chemical Datasheet
AMMONIA, ANHYDROUS |
|
Chemical Identifiers
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Chemical Identifier fields
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| CAS Number | UN/NA Number | DOT Hazard Label | USCG CHRIS Code |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| NIOSH Pocket Guide | International Chem Safety Card | ||
Ammonia
|
|||
NFPA 704
| Diamond | Hazard | Value | Description | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Health
|
3 | Can cause serious or permanent injury. | |||||||||
Flammability
|
1 | Must be preheated before ignition can occur. | ||||||||||
Instability
|
0 | Normally stable, even under fire conditions. | ||||||||||
Special
|
Note: The Refrigeration System Classification section of the International Mechanical Code requires a value of 3 for the red quadrant (flammability hazard) for indoor ammonia refrigeration equipment.
(NFPA, 2010)
General Description
A clear colorless gas with a strong odor. Shipped as a liquid under its own vapor pressure. Density (liquid) 6 lb / gal. Contact with the unconfined liquid can cause frostbite. Gas generally regarded as nonflammable but does burn within certain vapor concentration limits and with strong ignition. Fire hazard increases in the presence of oil or other combustible materials. Although gas is lighter than air, vapors from a leak initially hug the ground. Prolonged exposure of containers to fire or heat may cause violent rupturing and rocketing. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations of the vapors or short-term inhalation of high concentrations has adverse health effects. Used as a fertilizer, as a refrigerant, and in the manufacture of other chemicals.
Rate of onset: Immediate
Persistence: Minutes
Odor threshold: 17 ppm
Source/use/other hazard: Explosives manufacture; pesticides; detergents industry.
Rate of onset: Immediate
Persistence: Minutes
Odor threshold: 17 ppm
Source/use/other hazard: Explosives manufacture; pesticides; detergents industry.
Hazards
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Hazard fields
include
special hazard alerts,
air and water
reactions, fire hazards, health hazards, a reactivity profile, and
details about
reactive groups assignments
and
potentially incompatible absorbents.
The information in CAMEO Chemicals comes from a variety of
data sources.
Reactivity Alerts
- Water-Reactive
Air & Water Reactions
Soluble in water with evolution of heat. The amount of heat generated may be large.
Fire Hazard
Mixing of ammonia with several chemicals can cause severe fire hazards and/or explosions. Ammonia in container may explode in heat of fire. Incompatible with many materials including silver and gold salts, halogens, alkali metals, nitrogen trichloride, potassium chlorate, chromyl chloride, oxygen halides, acid vapors, azides, ethylene oxide, picric acid and many other chemicals. Mixing with other chemicals and water. Hazardous polymerization may not occur. (EPA, 1998)
Health Hazard
Vapors cause irritation of eyes and respiratory tract. Liquid will burn skin and eyes. Poisonous; may be fatal if inhaled. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with liquid may cause frostbite. (EPA, 1998)
Reactivity Profile
AMMONIA is a base. Reacts exothermically with all acids. Violent reactions are possible. Readily combines with silver oxide or mercury to form compounds that explode on contact with halogens. When in contact with chlorates it forms explosive ammonium chlorate [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, 1978, p. 470]. Reacts violently or produces explosive products with fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and some of the interhalogen compounds (bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride). Mixing of bleaching powder (hypochlorite solution) with ammonia solutions produces toxic/explosive ammonia trichloride vapors. Undergoes potentially violent or explosive reactions on contact with 1,2-dichloroethane (with liquid ammonia), boron halides, ethylene oxide (polymerization), perchlorates or strong oxidants (chromyl chloride, chromium trioxide, chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorates, fluorine, nitrogen oxide, liquid oxygen). Reacts with silver chloride, silver oxide, silver nitrate or silver azide to form the explosive silver nitride. May react with some heavy metal compounds (mercury, gold(III) chloride) to produce materials that may explode when dry. [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1553].
Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s)
Potentially Incompatible Absorbents
No information available.
Response Recommendations
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The
Response Recommendation fields
include isolation and evacuation distances, as well as recommendations for
firefighting, non-fire response, protective clothing, and first aid. The
information in CAMEO Chemicals comes from a variety of
data sources.
Isolation and Evacuation
Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Corrosive]:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
SPILL: See ERG Tables 1 and 3 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1005 datasheet.
FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
SPILL: See ERG Tables 1 and 3 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1005 datasheet.
FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)
Firefighting
Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.
Small fires: dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Large fires: water spray, fog or foam. Apply water gently to the surface. Do not get water inside container. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Stay away from ends of tanks. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (EPA, 1998)
Small fires: dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Large fires: water spray, fog or foam. Apply water gently to the surface. Do not get water inside container. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Stay away from ends of tanks. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (EPA, 1998)
Non-Fire Response
Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Corrosive]:
Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2016)
Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2016)
Protective Clothing
For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)
DuPont Tychem® Suit Fabrics
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Tychem® Fabric Legend
| QS = Tychem 2000 SFR |
| QC = Tychem 2000 |
| SL = Tychem 4000 |
| C3 = Tychem 5000 |
| TF = Tychem 6000 |
| TP = Tychem 6000 FR |
| BR = Tychem 9000 |
| RC = Tychem RESPONDER® CSM |
| TK = Tychem 10000 |
| RF = Tychem 10000 FR |
Testing Details
The fabric permeation data was generated for DuPont by independent
testing laboratories using ASTM F739, EN369, EN 374-3, EN ISO 6529
(method A and B) or ASTM D6978 test methods.
Normalized breakthrough times
(the time at which the permeation rate is equal to 0.1 µg/cm2/min)
reported in minutes.
All liquid chemicals have been tested between approximately 20°C and
27°C unless otherwise stated.
A different temperature may have significant influence on the
breakthrough time; permeation rates typically increase with
temperature.
All chemicals have
been tested at a concentration of greater than 95% unless otherwise
stated.
Unless otherwise stated, permeation was measured for single chemicals.
The permeation characteristics of mixtures can deviate considerably
from the permeation behavior of the individual chemicals.
Chemical warfare agents (Lewisite, Sarin, Soman, Sulfur
Mustard, Tabun and VX Nerve Agent) have been tested at 22°C and 50%
relative humidity per military standard MIL-STD-282.
| Chemical | CAS Number | State | QS | QC | SL | C3 | TF | TP | BR | RC | TK | RF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammonia (>95%) | 7664-41-7 | Vapor | imm. | 26 | imm. | 20 | 90 | 133 | 133 | >480 | >480 | |
| Ammonia (>95%, liquid, < -35°C) | 7664-41-7 | Liquid | >480 | >480 | >480 | >480 | ||||||
| Anhydrous ammonia (>95%) | 7664-41-7 | Vapor | imm. | 26 | imm. | 20 | 90 | 133 | 133 | >480 | >480 | |
| Anhydrous ammonia (>95%, liquid, < -35°C) | 7664-41-7 | Liquid | >480 | >480 | >480 | >480 |
> indicates greater than.
"imm." indicates immediate; having a normalized breakthrough time of 10 minutes or less.
A blank cell indicates the fabric has not been tested. The fabric may or may not offer barrier.
"imm." indicates immediate; having a normalized breakthrough time of 10 minutes or less.
A blank cell indicates the fabric has not been tested. The fabric may or may not offer barrier.
Special Warnings from DuPont
- Serged and bound seams are degraded by some hazardous liquid chemicals, such as strong acids, and should not be worn when these chemicals are present.
-
CAUTION: This information is based upon technical data that
DuPont believes to be reliable. It is subject to revision as
additional knowledge and experience are gained. DuPont makes no
guarantee of results and assumes no obligation or liability...
... in connection with this information. It is the user's responsibility to determine the level of toxicity and the proper personal protective equipment needed. The information set forth herein reflects laboratory performance of fabrics, not complete garments, under controlled conditions. It is intended for informational use by persons having technical skill for evaluation under their specific end-use conditions, at their own discretion and risk. Anyone intending to use this information should first verify that the garment selected is suitable for the intended use. In many cases, seams and closures have shorter breakthrough times and higher permeation rates than the fabric. Please contact DuPont for specific data. If fabric becomes torn, abraded or punctured, or if seams or closures fail, or if attached gloves, visors, etc. are damaged, end user should discontinue use of garment to avoid potential exposure to chemical. Since conditions of use are outside our control, we make no warranties, express or implied, including, without limitation, no warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information. This information is not intended as a license to operate under or a recommendation to infringe any patent or technical information of DuPont or others covering any material or its use.
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(DuPont, 2018)
First Aid
Warning: Ammonia is extremely corrosive to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Contact with the liquified gas may cause frostbite. Caution is advised.
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Ammonia Exposure: Inhalation of ammonia may cause irritation and burns of the respiratory tract, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), stridor (high-pitched respirations), and chest pain. Pulmonary edema and pneumonia may also result from inhalation. A pink frothy sputum, convulsions, and coma are often seen following exposure to high concentrations. When ammonia is ingested, nausea and vomiting may result; oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common. If ammonia has contacted the eyes, irritation, pain, conjunctivitis (red, inflamed eyes), lacrimation (tearing), and corneal erosion may occur. Loss of vision is possible. Dermal exposure may result in severe burns and pain.
Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to ammonia may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary.
Inhalation Exposure:
1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to ammonia.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. Transport to a health care facility.
Dermal/Eye Exposure:
1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to ammonia.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.Warning: Do not attempt to neutralize with an acid wash; excessive liberation of heat may result.
3. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must IMMEDIATELY be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water.
6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
7. Transport to a health care facility.
Ingestion Exposure:
1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. Activated charcoal does not strongly bind ammonia, and therefore is of little or no value.
5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.
6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Ammonia Exposure: Inhalation of ammonia may cause irritation and burns of the respiratory tract, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), stridor (high-pitched respirations), and chest pain. Pulmonary edema and pneumonia may also result from inhalation. A pink frothy sputum, convulsions, and coma are often seen following exposure to high concentrations. When ammonia is ingested, nausea and vomiting may result; oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common. If ammonia has contacted the eyes, irritation, pain, conjunctivitis (red, inflamed eyes), lacrimation (tearing), and corneal erosion may occur. Loss of vision is possible. Dermal exposure may result in severe burns and pain.
Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to ammonia may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary.
Inhalation Exposure:
1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to ammonia.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. Transport to a health care facility.
Dermal/Eye Exposure:
1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to ammonia.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.Warning: Do not attempt to neutralize with an acid wash; excessive liberation of heat may result.
3. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must IMMEDIATELY be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water.
6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
7. Transport to a health care facility.
Ingestion Exposure:
1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. Activated charcoal does not strongly bind ammonia, and therefore is of little or no value.
5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.
6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)
Physical Properties
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The
Physical Property fields
include properties such as vapor pressure and
boiling point, as well as explosive limits and
toxic exposure thresholds.
The information in CAMEO Chemicals comes from a variety of
data sources.
| Chemical Formula: |
|
Flash Point: data unavailable
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL):
16 %
(EPA, 1998)
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL):
25 %
(EPA, 1998)
Autoignition Temperature:
1204 ° F
(USCG, 1999)
Melting Point:
-107.9 ° F
(EPA, 1998)
Vapor Pressure:
400 mm Hg
at -49.72 ° F
(EPA, 1998)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air):
0.6
(EPA, 1998)
Specific Gravity:
0.6818
at -28.03 ° F
(EPA, 1998)
Boiling Point:
-28.03 ° F
at 760 mm Hg
(EPA, 1998)
Molecular Weight:
17.03
(EPA, 1998)
Water Solubility: data unavailable
Ionization Potential:
10.18 eV
(NIOSH, 2016)
IDLH:
300 ppm
(NIOSH, 2016)
AEGLs (Acute Exposure Guideline Levels)
| Exposure Period | AEGL-1 | AEGL-2 | AEGL-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 minutes | 30 ppm | 220 ppm | 2700 ppm |
| 30 minutes | 30 ppm | 220 ppm | 1600 ppm |
| 60 minutes | 30 ppm | 160 ppm | 1100 ppm |
| 4 hours | 30 ppm | 110 ppm | 550 ppm |
| 8 hours | 30 ppm | 110 ppm | 390 ppm |
(NAC/NRC, 2017)
ERPGs (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)
| Chemical | ERPG-1 | ERPG-2 | ERPG-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ammonia (7664-41-7) | 25 ppm  |
150 ppm | 1500 ppm |
indicates that odor should be detectable near ERPG-1.(AIHA, 2016)
PACs (Protective Action Criteria)
| Chemical | PAC-1 | PAC-2 | PAC-3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammonia (7664-41-7) | 30 ppm | 160 ppm | 1100 ppm | LEL = 150000 ppm |
(DOE, 2016)
Regulatory Information
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The
Regulatory Information fields
include information from
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Title III Consolidated List of
Lists,
the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Chemical Facility
Anti-Terrorism Standards,
and the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's
Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals Standard List
(see more about these
data sources).
EPA Consolidated List of Lists
| Regulatory Name | CAS Number/ 313 Category Code |
EPCRA 302 EHS TPQ |
EPCRA 304 EHS RQ |
CERCLA RQ | EPCRA 313 TRI |
RCRA Code |
CAA 112(r) RMP TQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammonia | 7664-41-7 | 500 pounds | 100 pounds | 100 pounds | |||
| Ammonia (anhydrous) | 7664-41-7 | 500 pounds | 100 pounds | 100 pounds | X | 10000 pounds | |
| Ammonia (conc 20% or greater) | 7664-41-7 | see ammonium hydroxide | X | 20000 pounds | |||
| Ammonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing) | 7664-41-7 | 313 |
- "X" indicates that this is a second name for an EPCRA section 313 chemical already included on this consolidated list. May also indicate that the same chemical with the same CAS number appears on another list with a different chemical name.
(EPA List of Lists, 2015)
DHS Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)
| RELEASE | THEFT | SABOTAGE | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical of Interest | CAS Number | Min Conc | STQ | Security Issue |
Min Conc | STQ | Security Issue |
Min Conc | STQ | Security Issue |
| Ammonia (anhydrous) | 7664-41-7 | 1.00 % | 10000 pounds | toxic | ||||||
| Ammonia (conc. 20% or greater) | 7664-41-7 | 20.00 % | 20000 pounds | toxic | ||||||
(DHS, 2007)
OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard List
| Chemical Name | CAS Number | Threshold Quantity (TQ) |
|---|---|---|
| Ammonia solutions (>44% ammonia by weight) | 7664-41-7 | 15000 pounds |
| Ammonia, Anhydrous | 7664-41-7 | 10000 pounds |
(OSHA, 2011)
Alternate Chemical Names
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This section provides a listing of alternate names for this chemical,
including trade names and synonyms.
- AM-FOL
- AMMONIA
- AMMONIA (ANHYDROUS)
- AMMONIA (ANHYDROUS) (LIQUEFIED)
- AMMONIA GAS
- AMMONIA SOLUTION, WITH MORE THAN 50% AMMONIA
- AMMONIA, ANHYDROUS
- AMMONIA, ANHYDROUS, LIQUEFIED
- AMMONIA, [ANHYDROUS]
- AMMONIA-14N
- ANHYDROUS AMMONIA
- ANHYDROUS AMMONIA, LIQUEFIED
- AQUA AMMONIA
- AQUEOUS AMMONIA
- LIQUID AMMONIA
- NITRO-SIL
- R 717
- REFRIGERENT R717
- SPIRIT OF HARTSHORN
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CAMEO Chemicals version 2.7.1.