Chemical Datasheet
LEWISITE |
Chemical Identifiers
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Chemical Identifier fields
include common identification numbers, the
NFPA diamond
U.S. Department of Transportation hazard labels, and a general
description of the chemical. The information in CAMEO Chemicals comes
from a variety of
data sources.
| CAS Number | UN/NA Number | DOT Hazard Label | USCG CHRIS Code |
|---|---|---|---|
|
none | data unavailable | none |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide | International Chem Safety Card | ||
| none | none | ||
NFPA 704
data unavailable
General Description
A chemical warfare blister agent. Very toxic. When pure, a colorless oily liquid solidifying at -13°C. Impurities cause colors ranging from brown to violet. Faint odor of geranium. Irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes at concentrations below the threshold of odor. Produces severe vesication (blistering) even through rubber (Merck); absorbed through the skin to produce seven systemic effects. Antidote: dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite). Prolonged exposure of container to fire or intense heat may result in violent rupturing and rocketing of container.
Hazards
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Hazard fields
include
special hazard alerts
air and water
reactions, fire hazards, health hazards, a reactivity profile, and
details about
reactive groups assignments
and
potentially incompatible absorbents.
The information in CAMEO Chemicals comes from a variety of
data sources.
Reactivity Alerts
none
Air & Water Reactions
Slowly decomposed by water.
Fire Hazard
For information on chemical warfare blister agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)
(Non-Specific -- Arsenic Compound, Liquid, n.o.s.) Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire may produce irritating and poisonous gases. Hydrolyzed by alkalies; neutralized by sodium hypochlorite. (EPA, 1998)
(Non-Specific -- Arsenic Compound, Liquid, n.o.s.) Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire may produce irritating and poisonous gases. Hydrolyzed by alkalies; neutralized by sodium hypochlorite. (EPA, 1998)
Health Hazard
For information on chemical warfare blister agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)
Highly toxic by all routes of exposure. Lethal dose in humans is 6 ppm (inhalation), 20 mg/kg (skin). Eye injury below 300 mg-min./m3. It is a blister agent, cell irritant, and systemic poison. (EPA, 1998)
Highly toxic by all routes of exposure. Lethal dose in humans is 6 ppm (inhalation), 20 mg/kg (skin). Eye injury below 300 mg-min./m3. It is a blister agent, cell irritant, and systemic poison. (EPA, 1998)
Reactivity Profile
LEWISITE is hydrolyzed by alkalis. It is neutralized or inactivated as a vesicant by sodium hypochlorite [EPA, 1998].
Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s)
Potentially Incompatible Absorbents
Use caution: Liquids with this reactive group classification have been known to react with the absorbents listed below. More info about absorbents, including situations to watch out for...
- Cellulose-Based Absorbents
- Mineral-Based & Clay-Based Absorbents
- Dirt/Earth
Response Recommendations
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Response Recommendation fields
include isolation and evacuation distances, as well as recommendations for
firefighting, non-fire response, protective clothing, and first aid. The
information in CAMEO Chemicals comes from a variety of
data sources.
Isolation and Evacuation
For initial isolation and protective action distances for chemical warfare blister agents see the Chemical Warfare Agents table in the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:
IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:
IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)
Firefighting
For information on chemical warfare blister agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)
(Non-Specific -- Arsenic Compound, Liquid, n.o.s.) Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure breathing apparatus.
(Non-Specific -- Arsenic Compound, Liquid, n.o.s.) Extinguish with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Use water spray, fog, or foam for large fires. (EPA, 1998)
(Non-Specific -- Arsenic Compound, Liquid, n.o.s.) Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure breathing apparatus.
(Non-Specific -- Arsenic Compound, Liquid, n.o.s.) Extinguish with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Use water spray, fog, or foam for large fires. (EPA, 1998)
Non-Fire Response
For information on chemical warfare blister agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)
Protective Clothing
For information on chemical warfare blister agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)
For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)
For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)
DuPont Tychem® Suit Fabrics
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Tychem® Fabric Legend
| QS = Tychem 2000 SFR |
| QC = Tychem 2000 |
| SL = Tychem 4000 |
| C3 = Tychem 5000 |
| TF = Tychem 6000 |
| TP = Tychem 6000 FR |
| RC = Tychem RESPONDER® CSM |
| TK = Tychem 10000 |
| RF = Tychem 10000 FR |
Testing Details
The fabric permeation data was generated for DuPont by a third party
laboratory. Permeation data for industrial chemicals is obtained per
ASTM F739. Normalized breakthrough times (the time at which the
permeation rate exceeds 0.1 μg/cm2/min) are reported in minutes. All
chemicals have been tested between approximately 20°C and 27°C unless
otherwise stated. All chemicals have been tested at a concentration of
greater than 95% unless otherwise stated.
Chemical warfare agents (Lewisite, Sarin, Soman, Sulfur Mustard, Tabun
and VX Nerve Agent) have been tested at 22°C and 50% relative humidity
per military standard MIL-STD-282. "Breakthrough time" for chemical
warfare agents is defined as the time when the cumulative mass which
permeated through the fabric exceeds the limit in MIL-STD-282 [either
1.25 or 4.0 μg/cm2].
A Caution from DuPont
This information is based upon technical data that DuPont believes to
be reliable on the date issued. It is subject to revision as additional
knowledge and experience are gained. The information reflects
laboratory performance of fabrics, not complete garments, under
controlled conditions. It is intended for informational use by persons
having technical skill for evaluation under their specific end-use
conditions, at their own discretion and risk. It is the user's
responsibility to determine the level of toxicity and the proper
personal protective equipment needed. Anyone intending to use this
information should first verify that the garment selected is suitable
for the intended use. In many cases, seams and closures have shorter
breakthrough times and higher permeation rates than the fabric. If
fabric becomes torn,abraded or punctured, or if seams or closures fail,
or if attached gloves, visors, etc. are damaged, end user should
discontinue use of garment to avoid potential exposure to chemical.
Since conditions of use are outside our control, DuPont makes no
warranties, express or implied, including, without limitation, no
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use and
assume no liability in connection with any use of this information.
This information is not intended as a license to operate under or a
recommendation to infringe any patent, trademark or technical
information of DuPont or others covering any material or its use.
| Chemical | CAS Number | State | QS | QC | SL | C3 | TF | TP | RC | TK | RF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lewisite (L), FINABEL 0.7.C | 541-25-3 | Liquid | >155⁸ | >155⁸ | |||||||
| Lewisite (L), MIL-STD-282 (10 g/m2) | 541-25-3 | Liquid | >360⁸ | 120⁸ | >480⁸ | >480⁸ | >480⁸ | ||||
| Lewisite (L), MIL-STD-282 (100 g/m2) | 541-25-3 | Liquid | 360⁸ | 360⁸ | 120⁸ | >480⁸ | 120⁸ |
> indicates greater than.
⁸ indicates actual breakthrough time; normalized breakthrough time is not available.
⁸ indicates actual breakthrough time; normalized breakthrough time is not available.
Special Warning from DuPont: Tychem® and Tyvek® fabrics should not be used around heat, flames, sparks or in potentially flammable or explosive environments. Only...
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...Tychem® ThermoPro, Tychem® Reflector® and Tychem® TK styles 600T/601T
(with aluminized outer suit) garments are designed and tested to help
reduce burn injury during escape from a flash fire. Users of Tychem®
ThermoPro, Tychem® Reflector® and Tychem® TK styles 600T/601T (with
aluminized outer suit) garments should not knowingly enter an explosive
environment. Tychem® garments with attached socks must be worn inside
protective outer footwear and are not suitable as outer footwear. These
attached socks do not have adequate durability or slip resistance to be
worn as the outer foot covering.
(DuPont, 2024)
First Aid
For information on chemical warfare blister agents see the ERG Criminal or Terrorist Use of CBR Agents. (ERG, 2024)
Warning: Lewisite vapors are extremely toxic. Inhalation of high concentrations may be fatal in as little as 10 minutes. Serious poisoning may produce symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes, but may also be delayed for a few hours. Lewisite produces an immediate searing sensation in the eye leading to permanent blindness if not decontaminated within one minute following exposure.
Signs and Symptoms of Lewisite Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to lewisite may include headache, red staining of the conjunctiva, a garlicky odor of the breath, and pulmonary edema. Lewisite has produced an immediate and strong stinging sensation to the skin, followed by reddening within 30 minutes and blistering after 13 hours. Subnormal body temperature, restlessness, hypotension, and T-wave elevations are occasionally seen. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Generalized weakness, muscle cramping, red or green colored urine, and jaundice have also been reported.
Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to lewisite may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.
Inhalation Exposure:
1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to lewisite.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. Rush to a health care facility.
Dermal/Eye Exposure:
1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to lewisite.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. Speed in removing material from the eyes is of extreme importance.
5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water. Speed in removing material from skin is of extreme importance.
6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
7. Rush to a health care facility.
Ingestion Exposure:
1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.
2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize.
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. Activated charcoal is of no use.
5. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)
Warning: Lewisite vapors are extremely toxic. Inhalation of high concentrations may be fatal in as little as 10 minutes. Serious poisoning may produce symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes, but may also be delayed for a few hours. Lewisite produces an immediate searing sensation in the eye leading to permanent blindness if not decontaminated within one minute following exposure.
Signs and Symptoms of Lewisite Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to lewisite may include headache, red staining of the conjunctiva, a garlicky odor of the breath, and pulmonary edema. Lewisite has produced an immediate and strong stinging sensation to the skin, followed by reddening within 30 minutes and blistering after 13 hours. Subnormal body temperature, restlessness, hypotension, and T-wave elevations are occasionally seen. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Generalized weakness, muscle cramping, red or green colored urine, and jaundice have also been reported.
Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to lewisite may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.
Inhalation Exposure:
1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to lewisite.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. Rush to a health care facility.
Dermal/Eye Exposure:
1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to lewisite.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. Speed in removing material from the eyes is of extreme importance.
5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water. Speed in removing material from skin is of extreme importance.
6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
7. Rush to a health care facility.
Ingestion Exposure:
1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.
2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize.
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. Activated charcoal is of no use.
5. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)
Physical Properties
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The
Physical Property fields
include properties such as vapor pressure and
boiling point, as well as explosive limits and
toxic exposure thresholds
The information in CAMEO Chemicals comes from a variety of
data sources.
Note: For Vapor Density and Specific Gravity, comparing the value to 1.0 can tell you if the chemical will likely sink/rise in air or sink/float in fresh water (respectively). Short phrases have been added to those values below as an aid. However, make sure to also consider the circumstances of a release. The Vapor Density comparisons are only valid when the gas escaping is at the same temperature as the surrounding air itself. If the chemical is escaping from a container where it was pressurized or refrigerated, it may first escape and behave as a heavy gas and sink in the air (even if it has a Vapor Density value less than 1). Also, the Specific Gravity comparisons are for fresh water (density 1.0 g/mL). If your spill is in salt water (density about 1.027 g/mL), you need to adjust the point of comparison. There are some chemicals that will sink in fresh water and float in salt water.
Note: For Vapor Density and Specific Gravity, comparing the value to 1.0 can tell you if the chemical will likely sink/rise in air or sink/float in fresh water (respectively). Short phrases have been added to those values below as an aid. However, make sure to also consider the circumstances of a release. The Vapor Density comparisons are only valid when the gas escaping is at the same temperature as the surrounding air itself. If the chemical is escaping from a container where it was pressurized or refrigerated, it may first escape and behave as a heavy gas and sink in the air (even if it has a Vapor Density value less than 1). Also, the Specific Gravity comparisons are for fresh water (density 1.0 g/mL). If your spill is in salt water (density about 1.027 g/mL), you need to adjust the point of comparison. There are some chemicals that will sink in fresh water and float in salt water.
| Chemical Formula: |
|
Flash Point:
None
(EPA, 1998)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): data unavailable
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable
Autoignition Temperature: data unavailable
Melting Point:
32°F
(EPA, 1998)
Vapor Pressure:
0.395 mmHg
at 68°F
(EPA, 1998)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air):
7.1
(EPA, 1998)
- Heavier than air; will sink
Specific Gravity:
1.888
at 68°F
(EPA, 1998)
- Denser than water; will sink
Boiling Point:
374°F
at 760 mmHg
decomposes
(EPA, 1998)
Molecular Weight:
207.31
(EPA, 1998)
Water Solubility: data unavailable
Ionization Energy/Potential: data unavailable
IDLH: data unavailable
AEGLs (Acute Exposure Guideline Levels)
| Exposure Period | AEGL-1 | AEGL-2 | AEGL-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 minutes | NR | 1.3 mg/m3 | 3.9 mg/m3 |
| 30 minutes | NR | 0.47 mg/m3 | 1.4 mg/m3 |
| 60 minutes | NR | 0.25 mg/m3 | 0.74 mg/m3 |
| 4 hours | NR | 0.07 mg/m3 | 0.21 mg/m3 |
| 8 hours | NR | 0.037 mg/m3 | 0.11 mg/m3 |
NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data
(NAC/NRC, 2024)
ERPGs (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)
No ERPG information available.PACs (Protective Action Criteria)
| Chemical | PAC-1 | PAC-2 | PAC-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorovinylarsine dichloride; (Lewisite 1) (541-25-3) | 0.023 mg/m3 | 0.25 mg/m3 | 0.74 mg/m3 |
(DOE, 2024)
Regulatory Information
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The
Regulatory Information fields
include information from
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Title III Consolidated List of
Lists,
the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency's Chemical Facility
Anti-Terrorism Standards,
and the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's
Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals Standard List
(see more about these
data sources).
EPA Consolidated List of Lists
| Regulatory Name | CAS Number/ 313 Category Code |
EPCRA 302 EHS TPQ |
EPCRA 304 EHS RQ |
CERCLA RQ | EPCRA 313 TRI |
RCRA Code |
CAA 112(r) RMP TQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenic Compounds | N020 | & | 313 | ||||
| Lewisite | 541-25-3 | 10 pounds | 10 pounds |
- & indicates that no RQ is assigned to this generic or broad class, although the class is a CERCLA hazardous substance. See 50 Federal Register 13456 (April 4, 1985).
(EPA List of Lists, 2024)
CISA Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)
| RELEASE | THEFT | SABOTAGE | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical of Interest | CAS Number | Min Conc | STQ | Security Issue |
Min Conc | STQ | Security Issue |
Min Conc | STQ | Security Issue |
| Lewisite 1; [2-chlorovinyldichloroarsine] | 541-25-3 | CUM 100 grams | CW/CWP | |||||||
- CW/CWP = chemical weapons/chemical weapons precursors.
- CUM = cumulative.
(CISA, 2007)
OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard List
No regulatory information available.Alternate Chemical Names
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This section provides a listing of alternate names for this chemical,
including trade names and synonyms.
- ARSINE, DICHLORO(2-CHLOROVINYL)-
- ARSINE,(2-CHLOROVINYL) DICHLORO-
- ARSONOUS DICHLORIDE,(2-CHLOROETHENYL)-(90)
- BETA-CHLOROVINYLBICHLOROARSINE
- CHLOROVINYLARSINE DICHLORIDE
- 2-CHLOROVINYLDICHLOROARSINE
- DICHLORO(2-CHLOROVINYL)ARSINE
- L (LEWISITE) (CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT)
- LEWISITE
- LEWISITE (ARSENIC COMPOUND)
Web site owner:
Office of Response and Restoration
,
National Ocean Service,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
USA.gov.
CAMEO Chemicals version 3.1.0 rev 1.