Chemical Datasheet
CHLOROACETIC ACID, SOLID |
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Chemical Identifiers
)
CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service registry number. Unique identification number assigned to this chemical by the American Chemical Society.
UN/NA Number - The United Nations-North America number (also called UN number or DOT number). 4-digit number identifying an individual chemical or group of chemicals with similar characteristics. Required on shipping papers; often shown on placards or labels. This numbering system was developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, and then became the UN standard system for classifying hazardous materials.
DOT Hazard Label - U.S. Department of Transportation hazard warning label for the chemical (such as flammable liquid or corrosive). This label must be displayed on shipped packages, railroad tank cars, and tank trucks according to specifications described in 49 CFR 172.
CHRIS Code - 3-letter code used by the U.S. Coast Guard to identify individual chemicals included in its CHRIS (Chemical Hazards Response Information System) manual.
NFPA 704 - Text description of the diamond-shaped placard, which contains codes indicating the level of the chemical's health, flammability, and reactivity hazards, along with special hazards such as water- and air-reactivity. (The NFPA 704 diamond is also shown at the top of the datasheet.) See a guide to the NFPA diamond.
General Description - Brief description of the chemical's general appearance, behavior, and hazardousness.
List of data sources.
UN/NA Number - The United Nations-North America number (also called UN number or DOT number). 4-digit number identifying an individual chemical or group of chemicals with similar characteristics. Required on shipping papers; often shown on placards or labels. This numbering system was developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, and then became the UN standard system for classifying hazardous materials.
DOT Hazard Label - U.S. Department of Transportation hazard warning label for the chemical (such as flammable liquid or corrosive). This label must be displayed on shipped packages, railroad tank cars, and tank trucks according to specifications described in 49 CFR 172.
CHRIS Code - 3-letter code used by the U.S. Coast Guard to identify individual chemicals included in its CHRIS (Chemical Hazards Response Information System) manual.
NFPA 704 - Text description of the diamond-shaped placard, which contains codes indicating the level of the chemical's health, flammability, and reactivity hazards, along with special hazards such as water- and air-reactivity. (The NFPA 704 diamond is also shown at the top of the datasheet.) See a guide to the NFPA diamond.
General Description - Brief description of the chemical's general appearance, behavior, and hazardousness.
List of data sources.
| CAS Number | UN/NA Number | DOT Hazard Label | CHRIS Code |
|---|---|---|---|
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| NFPA 704: |
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General Description
Chloroacetic acid, solid is a colorless to light-brown crystalline material. It is soluble in water and sinks in water. Combustible. It is transported as a molten liquid and therefore can cause thermal burns. It is toxic by ingestion, skin absorption and inhalation of dust. It is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Hazards
)
Reactivity Alerts - Special alerts if the chemical is especially reactive
(see list of reactivity alerts).
Air & Water Reactions - Special alerts if the chemical reacts with air, water, or moisture.
Fire Hazard - Description of the chemical's fire hazards (such as flammability, explosion risk, or byproducts that may evolve if the chemical is burned).
Health Hazard - Description of the chemical's health hazards (such as toxicity, flammability, or corrosivity).
Reactivity Profile - Description of the chemical's potential reactivity with other chemicals, air, and water. Also includes any other intrinsic reactive hazards (such as polymerizable or peroxidizable).
Reactive Groups - List of reactive groups that the chemical is assigned to, based on its known chemistry. Reactive groups are categories of chemicals that react in similar ways because their chemical structures are similar. Reactive groups are used to predict reactivity when you add a chemical to MyChemicals. Read more about reactive groups.
List of data sources.
Air & Water Reactions - Special alerts if the chemical reacts with air, water, or moisture.
Fire Hazard - Description of the chemical's fire hazards (such as flammability, explosion risk, or byproducts that may evolve if the chemical is burned).
Health Hazard - Description of the chemical's health hazards (such as toxicity, flammability, or corrosivity).
Reactivity Profile - Description of the chemical's potential reactivity with other chemicals, air, and water. Also includes any other intrinsic reactive hazards (such as polymerizable or peroxidizable).
Reactive Groups - List of reactive groups that the chemical is assigned to, based on its known chemistry. Reactive groups are categories of chemicals that react in similar ways because their chemical structures are similar. Reactive groups are used to predict reactivity when you add a chemical to MyChemicals. Read more about reactive groups.
List of data sources.
Reactivity Alerts
none
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Fire Hazard
When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of phosgene and chlorides. Water may cause frothing if it gets below surface of the liquid and turns to steam. Flammable/poisonous gases may accumulate in tanks and hopper cars. Some of these materials may ignite combustibles, e.g., wood, paper, oil. It is corrosive to metals. Avoid heating. (EPA, 1998)
Health Hazard
This material is very toxic. The probable lethal oral dose is 50-500 mg/kg of body weight, between one teaspoon and one ounce, for a 150 lb. person. Chloroacetic acid is irritating to the skin, cornea, and respiratory tract and causes burns. It may severely damage skin and mucous membranes. Ingestion may interfere with essential enzyme systems and cause perforation and peritonitis. Burns to skin result in marked fluid and electrolyte loss. Death may follow if more than 3% of the skin is exposed to this material. Other health hazards include central nervous system depression, and respiratory system depression. Persons with lung diseases are at greater risk. (EPA, 1998)
Reactivity Profile
CHLOROACETIC ACID is a chlorinated carboxylic acid (organic acid). These organic compounds donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions. The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.
Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s)
Response Recommendations
)
Firefighting - Response recommendations if the chemical is on fire (or near a fire).
Non-Fire Response - Response recommendations if the chemical isn't on fire (or near a fire).
Protective Clothing - Recommendations for protective gear and, in some cases, a table of breakthrough times for protective materials.
First Aid - Recommended first aid treatment for people exposed to the chemical.
List of data sources.
Non-Fire Response - Response recommendations if the chemical isn't on fire (or near a fire).
Protective Clothing - Recommendations for protective gear and, in some cases, a table of breakthrough times for protective materials.
First Aid - Recommended first aid treatment for people exposed to the chemical.
List of data sources.
Firefighting
This material is extremely hazardous to health, but fire fighters may enter areas with extreme care. Full protective clothing including a self-contained breathing apparatus, coat, pants, gloves, boots and bands around legs, arms and waist should be provided. No skin surface should be exposed. Cool fire-exposed containers with water. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out.
Water fog applied gently to surface will cause frothing which will extinguish fire. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surroundings. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. For small fires use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam. For large fires use water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)
Water fog applied gently to surface will cause frothing which will extinguish fire. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surroundings. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. For small fires use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam. For large fires use water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)
Non-Fire Response
Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. (AAR, 2003)
Protective Clothing
For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)
_____Dupont Average Standardized Breakthrough Times_____
(for CHLOROACETIC ACID)
Tychem® BR
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 95+%)
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® CPF2
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® CPF4
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® F
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 95+%)
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® LV
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 95+%)
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® QC
370 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® QC for Corrections
370 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® Reflector®
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 95+%)
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® Responder®
60 min. (concentration: 99%)
60 min. (concentration: 95+% at 65ºC)
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® Responder® CSM
60 min. (concentration: 99%)
60 min. (concentration: 95+% at 65ºC)
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® SL
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%)
Tychem® ThermoPro
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 100%)
Tychem® TK
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 95+%)
greater than 480 min. (concentration: 75%) (DuPont, 2008)
Copyrighted information of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Tychem® is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
First Aid
Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Chloroacetic acid is extremely corrosive.
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Chloroacetic Acid Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute ingestion of chloroacetic acid may be severe and include salivation, intense thirst, difficulty in swallowing, chills, and shock. Oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common and often associated with severe pain. Vomitus generally has a coffee-ground appearance. The potential for circulatory collapse is high following ingestion of chloroacetic acid. Acute inhalation exposure may result in sneezing, hoarseness, choking, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory tract irritation, and chest pain. Bleeding of nose and gums, ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia may also occur. If the eyes have come in contact with chloroacetic acid, then irritation, pain, swelling, corneal erosion, and blindness may result. Dermal exposure may result in dermatitis (red, inflamed skin), severe burns, and pain.
Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to chloroacetic acid may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.
Inhalation Exposure:
1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to chloroacetic acid.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. RUSH to a health care facility.
Dermal/Eye Exposure:
1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to chloroacetic acid.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water.
6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
7. RUSH to a health care facility.
Ingestion Exposure:
1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
2. Rinse mouth with large amounts of water. Instruct victims not to swallow this water.
3. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!
4. Activated charcoal is of no value.
5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are alert and conscious.
6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
7. RUSH to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Chloroacetic Acid Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute ingestion of chloroacetic acid may be severe and include salivation, intense thirst, difficulty in swallowing, chills, and shock. Oral, esophageal, and stomach burns are common and often associated with severe pain. Vomitus generally has a coffee-ground appearance. The potential for circulatory collapse is high following ingestion of chloroacetic acid. Acute inhalation exposure may result in sneezing, hoarseness, choking, laryngitis, dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory tract irritation, and chest pain. Bleeding of nose and gums, ulceration of the nasal and oral mucosa, pulmonary edema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia may also occur. If the eyes have come in contact with chloroacetic acid, then irritation, pain, swelling, corneal erosion, and blindness may result. Dermal exposure may result in dermatitis (red, inflamed skin), severe burns, and pain.
Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to chloroacetic acid may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.
Inhalation Exposure:
1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to chloroacetic acid.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. RUSH to a health care facility.
Dermal/Eye Exposure:
1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to chloroacetic acid.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water.
6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
7. RUSH to a health care facility.
Ingestion Exposure:
1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
2. Rinse mouth with large amounts of water. Instruct victims not to swallow this water.
3. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!
4. Activated charcoal is of no value.
5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are alert and conscious.
6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
7. RUSH to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)
Physical Properties
)
This section contains physical properties, flammability limits, and toxic thresholds for this chemical (see
definitions of each property).
More property data is available for common chemicals.
See also the Levels of Concern guide for information on AEGLs, ERPGs, PACs, and IDLH values.
List of data sources.
See also the Levels of Concern guide for information on AEGLs, ERPGs, PACs, and IDLH values.
List of data sources.
| Molecular Formula: |
|
Flash Point:
302 ° F
(EPA, 1998)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL):
8 %
(USCG, 1999)
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable
Autoignition Temperature: data unavailable
Melting Point:
145 ° F
(EPA, 1998)
Vapor Pressure:
1 mm Hg
at 109.4 ° F
(EPA, 1998)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air):
3.26
(EPA, 1998)
Specific Gravity:
1.4043
at 104.0 ° F
(EPA, 1998)
Boiling Point:
372 ° F
at 760 mm Hg
(EPA, 1998)
Molecular Weight:
94.5
(EPA, 1998)
Water Solubility:
greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL
at 68° F
(NTP, 1992)
IDLH: data unavailable
AEGLs (Acute Exposure Guideline Levels)
| Exposure Period | AEGL-1 | AEGL-2 | AEGL-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 minutes | NR | 12 ppm | NR |
| 30 minutes | NR | 8.3 ppm | NR |
| 60 minutes | NR | 6.6 ppm | NR |
| 4 hours | NR | 1.7 ppm | NR |
| 8 hours | NR | 0.83 ppm | NR |
NR = Not recommended
(NAC/NRC, 2011)
ERPGs (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)
No ERPG information available.PACs (Protective Action Criteria)
| Chemical | PAC-1 | PAC-2 | PAC-3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chloroacetic acid; (Monochloroacetic acid) (79-11-8) | 0.6 ppm | 6.6 ppm | 24 ppm | LEL = 80000 ppm |
(SCAPA, 2012)
Regulatory Information
)
This section contains regulatory information from the Title III Consolidated
List of Lists (see
details about each regulatory field).
List of data sources.
List of data sources.
| Regulatory Names: |
|
CAA RMP: Not a regulated chemical.
CERCLA:
Regulated chemical with a Reportable Quantity of 100 pounds.
EHS (EPCRA 302):
Regulated chemical with a
Reportable Quantity of 100 pounds and a
Threshold Planning Quantity of 100/10000 pounds.
TRI (EPCRA 313):
Regulated chemical.
RCRA Chemical Code: none
Alternate Chemical Names
)
This section provides a listing of alternate names for this chemical, including trade names, synonyms, and foreign names.
- ACETIC ACID, CHLORO-
- ACIDE CHLORACÉTIQUE, FONDU (DOT FRENCH)
- ACIDE CHLORACÉTIQUE, SOLIDE (DOT FRENCH)
- ACIDE CHLOROACÉTIQUE, FONDU (DOT FRENCH)
- ACIDO CLOROACÉTICO, FUNDIDO (DOT SPANISH)
- ACIDO CLOROACÉTICO, SÓLIDO (DOT SPANISH)
- ALPHA-CHLOROACETIC ACID
- CHLORACETIC ACID
- CHLOROACETIC ACID
- CHLOROACETIC ACID, MOLTEN
- CHLOROACETIC ACID, [SOLID]
- CHLOROETHANOIC ACID
- MCA
- MKHUK
- MONOCHLORACETIC ACID
- MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID
- MONOCHLOROACETIC ACID SOLUTION
- MONOCHLOROETHANOIC ACID
- NCI-C60231
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