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Reactive Group Datasheet

Ketones

Flammability
Many low-molecular-weight ketones (such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone) are highly flammable. Most ketones are liquids with relatively high vapor pressures, capable of forming explosive mixtures with air.
Reactivity
Materials in this group are reactive with many acids and bases liberating heat and flammable gases (e.g., H2 from NaH). The amount of heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Ketones are incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. They react violently with HNO3, HNO3 + H2O2, and HClO4.
Toxicity
Varies very widely. Some ketones are highly volatile and may have narcotic or anesthetic effects. Entry into the body occurs by absorption through the skin as well as inhalation and ingestion.
Other Characteristics
Compounds in this group are characterized by a carbonyl attached to two organic groups. These groups may be alkyl (paraffins) or aryl (aromatic). Reactions of this group are very similar in their behavior to that of aldehydes, because of their similar structure. These materials are generally used as solvents in the paint, textiles, plastics, and lacquer industries.
Examples
2-tridecanone, acetone, acetophenone, benzoin, cyclohexanone, isophorone, methyl acetone, methyl amyl ketone, methyl butanone, methyl ethyl ketone, ninhydrin.