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Chemical Datasheet
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLUTION |
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Chemical Identifiers
CAS Number |
UN/NA Number |
DOT Hazard Label |
USCG CHRIS Code |
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NIOSH Pocket Guide |
International Chem Safety Card |
Potassium hydroxide
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NFPA 704
General Description
An clear aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Noncombustible. Used in chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, cleaning compounds.
Hazards
Reactivity Alerts
none
Air & Water Reactions
Forms crusts on exposure to air (from absorption of carbon dioxide). Water soluble. Dilution of concentrated solutions generates heat.
Fire Hazard
Excerpt from 154
[Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, 147
(lithium ion batteries) or 138
(sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2020)
Health Hazard
Causes severe burns of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. (USCG, 1999)
Reactivity Profile
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLUTION is a strong base dissolved in water. Reacts exothermically with all acids. Slowly dissolves glass. Attacks aluminum and zinc to generate flammable hydrogen gas. Ignited a polyethylene container liner when mixed with potassium persulfate by release of heat and oxygen [MCA Case History 1155. 1955].
Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s)
- Bases, Strong
- Water and Aqueous Solutions
Potentially Incompatible Absorbents
Use caution: Liquids with this reactive group classification have been
known to react with the
absorbents
listed below.
- Cellulose-Based Absorbents
- Mineral-Based & Clay-Based Absorbents
Response Recommendations
Isolation and Evacuation
Excerpt from 154
[Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2020)
Firefighting
Excerpt from 154
[Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.
LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.
FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2020)
Non-Fire Response
Excerpt from 154
[Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2020)
Protective Clothing
Wide-brimmed hat and close-fitting safety goggles equipped with rubber side shields; long-sleeved cotton shirt or jacket with buttoned collar and buttoned sleeves; rubber or rubber-coated canvas gloves. (Shirt sleeves should be buttoned over the gloves so that any spilled material will run down the outside.) Rubber safety-toe-shoes or boots and cotton coveralls. (Trouser cuffs should be worn outside of boots.) Rubber apron. (USCG, 1999)
DuPont Tychem® Suit Fabrics
Normalized Breakthrough Times (in Minutes)
Chemical |
CAS Number |
State |
QS |
QC |
SL |
C3 |
TF |
TP |
RC |
TK |
RF |
Potassium hydroxide (45%) |
1310-58-3 |
Liquid |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
Potassium hydroxide (50%) |
1310-58-3 |
Liquid |
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>480 |
>480 |
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Special Warning from DuPont: Tychem® and Tyvek® fabrics should not be
used around heat, flames, sparks or in potentially flammable or
explosive environments. Only...
(DuPont, 2023)
First Aid
(Act quickly])
EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min.
SKIN: flush with water, then rinse with dilute vinegar (acetic acid).
INGESTION: give water and milk. Do NOT induce vomiting. Call physician at once, even when injury seems to be slight. (USCG, 1999)
Physical Properties
Flash Point: data unavailable
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): data unavailable
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable
Autoignition Temperature:
Not flammable
(USCG, 1999)
Melting Point: data unavailable
Vapor Pressure: data unavailable
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): data unavailable
Specific Gravity:
1.45 to 1.50
at 68°F
(USCG, 1999)
Boiling Point:
greater than 266°F
at 760 mmHg
(USCG, 1999)
Molecular Weight: data unavailable
Water Solubility: data unavailable
Ionization Energy/Potential: data unavailable
IDLH: data unavailable
AEGLs (Acute Exposure Guideline Levels)
No AEGL information available.
ERPGs (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)
No ERPG information available.
PACs (Protective Action Criteria)
Chemical |
PAC-1 |
PAC-2 |
PAC-3 |
Potassium hydroxide (1310-58-3)
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0.18 mg/m3 |
2 mg/m3 |
54 mg/m3 |
(DOE, 2018)
Regulatory Information
EPA Consolidated List of Lists
Regulatory Name |
CAS Number/ 313 Category Code |
EPCRA 302 EHS TPQ |
EPCRA 304 EHS RQ |
CERCLA RQ |
EPCRA 313 TRI |
RCRA Code |
CAA 112(r) RMP TQ |
Potassium hydroxide |
1310-58-3 |
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1000 pounds |
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(EPA List of Lists, 2022)
CISA Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)
No regulatory information available.
OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard List
No regulatory information available.
Alternate Chemical Names
- CAUSTIC POTASH
- CAUSTIC POTASH SOLUTION
- CAUSTIC POTASH, LIQUID
- CYANTEK CC 723
- LYE
- POTASH
- POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
- POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (LYE)
- POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION
- POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLUTION
- POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE, [LIQUID]