HYDROGEN CHLORIDE, REFRIGERATED LIQUID

Diamond	Hazard	Value	Description
0 3 1	Health	3	Can cause serious or permanent injury.
	Flammability	0	Will not burn under typical fire conditions.
	Instability	1	Normally stable but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.
	Special

A colorless liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. Vapors are heavier than air. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations of vapors or short-term inhalation of high concentrations has adverse health effects. Exposure of the container to intense heat may cause its violent rupture and rocketing.

• Known Catalytic Activity

Fumes in air as vapors boil away. Very soluble in water to give hydrochloric acid. Rapid mixing with water generates heat that drives off considerable gaseous hydrogen chloride.

Excerpt from 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Some may burn but none ignite readily. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. For UN1005: Anhydrous ammonia, at high concentrations in confined spaces, presents a flammability risk if a source of ignition is introduced. (ERG, 2020)

Excerpt from 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2020)

HYDROGEN CHLORIDE, REFRIGERATED LIQUID is an anhydrous (no water) strong acid. Reacts rapidly and exothermically with bases of all kinds (including amines and amides). Reacts exothermically with carbonates (including limestone and building materials containing limestone) and hydrogen carbonates to generate carbon dioxide. Reacts with sulfides, carbides, borides, and phosphides to generate toxic or flammable gases. Reacts with many metals (including aluminum, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, tin and all of the alkali metals) to generate flammable hydrogen gas. Reacts violently with acetic anhydride, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, calcium phosphide, chlorosulfonic acid, 1,1-difluoroethylene, ethylenediamine, ethyleneimine, oleum, perchloric acid, b-propiolactone, propylene oxide, silver perchlorate/carbon tetrachloride mixture, sodium hydroxide, uranium(IV) phosphide, vinyl acetate, calcium carbide, rubidium carbide, cesium acetylide, rubidium acetylide, magnesium boride, mercury(II) sulfate [Lewis]. Undergoes a very energetic reaction with calcium phosphide [Mellor 8:841(1946-1947)]. Corrosive to metals and tissues and irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. Corrodes galvanized or copper-alloy metals (brass, bronze); fittings of stainless steel or mild or cast steel must therefore be used. Contact between the cold liquid and water may result in vigorous or violent boiling and rapid vaporization. If the water is hot, a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980].

• Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing

No information available.

Excerpt from 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Tables 1 and 3 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2186 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2020)

Excerpt from 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Do not get water inside containers. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2020)

Excerpt from 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2020)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Hydrogen chloride:

Skin:
• PREVENT SKIN CONTACT (SOLUTION) - If this chemical is in solution, wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
• FROSTBITE - Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.

Eyes:
• PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
• FROSTBITE - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact with the liquid that could result in burns or tissue damage from frostbite.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED (SOLUTION) - If this chemical is in solution, the worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED (SOLUTION) - If this chemical is in solution, work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:
• EYEWASH (SOLUTION) - Eyewash fountains should be provided (when this chemical is in solution) in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.
• QUICK DRENCH (SOLUTION) - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided (when this chemical is in solution) within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]
• FROSTBITE WASH - Quick drench facilities and/or eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is any possibility of exposure to liquids that are extremely cold or rapidly evaporating. (NIOSH, 2023)

Normalized Breakthrough Times (in Minutes)

Chemical	CAS Number	State	QS	QC	SL	C3	TF	TP	RC	TK	RF
Hydrochloric acid (37%)	7647-01-0	Liquid	54	140	>480	>480	>480	>480	>480	>480	>480
Hydrogen chloride (-90°C, liquid)	7647-01-0	Liquid								>180
Hydrogen chloride (gaseous)	7647-01-0	Vapor		imm	>480	>480	>480	>480	>480	>480	>480

Special Warning from DuPont: Tychem® and Tyvek® fabrics should not be used around heat, flames, sparks or in potentially flammable or explosive environments. Only...

(DuPont, 2023)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Hydrogen chloride:

Eye:
• IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY (SOLUTION) - If this chemical in solution contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.
• FROSTBITE - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.

Skin:
• WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY (SOLUTION) - If this chemical in solution contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.
• FROSTBITE - If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY (SOLUTION) - If this chemical in solution has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2023)

• ANHYDROUS HYDROCHLORIC ACID
• CHLOROHYDRIC ACID
• HYDROCHLORIC ACID
• HYDROCHLORIC ACID (AEROSOL FORMS ONLY)
• HYDROCHLORIC ACID GAS
• HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
• HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (ANHYDROUS)
• HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (GAS ONLY)
• HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (HCL)
• HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (HYDROCHLORIC ACID)
• HYDROGEN CHLORIDE, REFRIGERATED LIQUID
• HYDROGEN CHLORIDE, [REFRIGERATED LIQUID]
• MURIATIC ACID