DIOXATHION

Tan liquid (technical grade is brown). Used for the control of insects and mites on grapes, citrus, walnuts, ornamentals, apples, pears, and quince. Also used as a spray or dip for the control of ticks, lice, hornfly, and sheep ked on cattle, goats, sheep, and hogs. (EPA, 1998)

none

Insoluble in water. It is stable in water at a neutral pH.

Shock can shatter container, releasing contents. (Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Container may explode in heat of fire. Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Runoff from fire control water may give off poisonous gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Avoid alkali materials and heat. It is unstable to iron or tin surfaces and when mixed with certain carriers. (EPA, 1998)

Very toxic. Probable oral lethal dose for humans is 50-500 mg/kg or between 1 teaspoonful and 1 oz. for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Death is primarily due to respiratory arrest arising from failure of the respiratory center, paralysis of respiratory muscles, intense bronchoconstriction, or all three. (EPA, 1998)

DIOXATHION is heat sensitive. This chemical may react with iron or tin surfaces. It may be hydrolyzed by strong acids or alkalis. (NTP, 1992). Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

• Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters
• Ethers

No information available.

Excerpt from 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2020)

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog or foam. (EPA, 1998)

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors.

Small spills: absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dioxathion:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:
• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.
• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2023)

No information available.

Note: Dioxathion is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Dioxathion Exposure: Acute exposure to dioxathion may produce the following signs and symptoms: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscle spasms, and profound weakness. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and coma may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may occur although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Chest pain may be noted. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis. Psychosis may occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to dioxathion may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:
1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to dioxathion.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:
1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to dioxathion.
2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
5. Wash exposed skin area three times with soap and water.
6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:
1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.
2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of dioxathion is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step
4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of dioxathion may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step
4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.
4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.
5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.
6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

• AC 528
• BERCOTOX
• 2,3-BIS(DIETHOXYPHOSPHINOTHIOYLTHIO)- 1,4-DIOXANE
• 2,3-BIS(DIETHOXYPHOSPHINOTHIOYLTHIO)-1,4-DIOXANE
• DELNATEX
• DELNAV
• DELNAV®
• DELTIC
• 1,4-DIOXAN-2,3-DIYL BIS(O,O-DIETHYL PHOSPHOROTHIOLOTHIONATE)
• 1,4-DIOXAN-2,3-DIYL BIS(O,O-DIETHYLPHOSPHOROTHIOLOTHIONATE)
• 1,4-DIOXAN-2,3-DIYL O,O,O',O'-TETRAETHYL DI(PHOSPHORODITHIOATE)
• 1,4-DIOXAN-2,3-DIYL O,O,O',O'-TETRAETHYL DI(PHOSPHOROMITHIOATE)
• DIOXANE PHOSPHATE
• 2,3-DIOXANE S,S-BIS(O,O-DIETHYLPHOSPHORODITHIOATE)
• 1,4-DIOXANE- 2,3-S,S'-BIS(O,O-DIETHYL DITHIOPHOSPHATE)
• 2,3- DIOXANEDITHIOL S,S-BIS(O,O-DIETHYL PHOSPHORODITHIOATE)
• DIOXATHION
• DIOXATION
• DIOXOTHION
• ENT 22,897
• ENT 22879
• ENT 22897
• HERCULES 528
• HERCULES AC528
• KAVADEL
• NAVADEL
• NAVADEL®
• NCI-C00395
• 2,3-P-DIOXANDITHIOL S,S-BIS(O,O-DIETHYLPHOSPHORODITHIOATE)
• 2,3-P-DIOXANE S,S-BIS(O,O-DIETHYLPHOSPHORODITHIOATE)
• P-DIOXANE-2,3-DITHIOL, S,S-DIESTER WITH O,O-DIETHYL PHOSHORODITHIOATE
• P-DIOXANE-2,3-DITHIOL, S,S-DIESTER WITH O,O-DIETHYL PHOSPHORODITHIOATE
• P-DIOXANE-2,3-DIYL ETHYL PHOSPHORODITHIOATE
• 2,3-P-DIOXANEDITHIOL S,S-BIS(O,O-DIETHYL PHOSPHORODITHIOATE)
• 2,3-P-DIOXANETHIOL S,S-BIS(O,O-DIETHYL PHOSPHORO-DITHIOATE)
• PHOSPHORODITHIOIC ACID S,S'-1,4-DIOXANE-2,3-DIYL O,O,O',O'-TETRAETHYL ESTER
• PHOSPHORODITHIOIC ACID S,S'-P-DIOXANE-2,3-DIYL O,O,O',O'-TETRAETHYL ESTER
• PHOSPHORODITHIOIC ACID, S,S'-1,4-DIOXANE-2,3-DIYL O,O,O',O'-TETRAETHYL ESTER
• PHOSPHORODITHIOIC ACID, S,S'-P-DIOXANE-2,3-DIYL O,O,O',O'-TETRAETHYL ESTER
• RUPHOS