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Chemical Datasheet

AMMONIA SOLUTIONS (CONTAINING MORE THAN 35% BUT NOT MORE THAN 50% AMMONIA)

2.2 - Non-flammable, non-poisonous gas

Chemical Identifiers

CAS Number UN/NA Number DOT Hazard Label USCG CHRIS Code
  • 7664-41-7   (AMMONIA)
  • 2073
  • Non-Flammable Gas
none
NIOSH Pocket Guide International Chem Safety Card
Ammonia
  • AMMONIA (ANHYDROUS)
NFPA 704
Diamond Hazard Value Description
1
3 0
Blue Health 3 Can cause serious or permanent injury.
Red Flammability 1 Must be preheated before ignition can occur.
Yellow Instability 0 Normally stable, even under fire conditions.
White Special
(NFPA, 2010)
General Description
A clear colorless liquid consisting of ammonia dissolved in water. Corrosive to tissue and metals. Although ammonia is lighter than air, the vapors from a leak will initially hug the ground. Long term exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations may result in adverse health conditions from inhalation. Prolonged exposure of containers to fire or heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing.

Hazards

Reactivity Alerts
none
Air & Water Reactions
Soluble in water with evolution of heat. The amount of heat generated may be large.
Fire Hazard
Excerpt from 125 Polymerizable warning [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Some may burn but none ignite readily. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. For UN1005: Anhydrous ammonia, at high concentrations in confined spaces, presents a flammability risk if a source of ignition is introduced. (ERG, 2020)
Health Hazard
Excerpt from 125 Polymerizable warning [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2020)
Reactivity Profile
Ammonia solutions react exothermically with acids to produce water and ammonium salts, Heating or treating with strong bases also causes evolution of gaseous ammonia. Ammonia can burn or explode if exposed to an intense source of ignition but can generally be treated as nonflammable. Readily combines with silver oxide, silver chloride, silver nitrate, silver azide or mercury to form explosive compounds. Forms explosive ammonium chlorate on contact with chlorates [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, 1978, p. 470]. Reacts violently or produces explosive products with fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and bromine pentafluoride and chlorine trifluoride. Mixing of bleaching powder (hypochlorite solution) with ammonia solutions produces toxic/explosive ammonia trichloride vapors. May react violently with boron halides, ethylene oxide (polymerization), perchlorates and strong oxidizing agents (chromyl chloride, chromium trioxide, chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorates, fluorine, nitrogen oxide, liquid oxygen).
Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s)
Potentially Incompatible Absorbents

No information available.

Response Recommendations

Isolation and Evacuation
Excerpt from 125 Polymerizable warning [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2020)
Firefighting
Excerpt from 125 Polymerizable warning [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Do not get water inside containers. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2020)
Non-Fire Response
Excerpt from 125 Polymerizable warning [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2020)
Protective Clothing
Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2020)
DuPont Tychem® Suit Fabrics
Normalized Breakthrough Times (in Minutes)
Chemical CAS Number State QS QC SL C3 TF TP RC TK RF
Ammonia (-33°C, liquid) 7664-41-7 Liquid 35 20 30 >480
Ammonia (-70°C, liquid) 7664-41-7 Liquid >480 >480 >480
Ammonia (gaseous) 7664-41-7 Vapor imm imm 26 imm 20 90 105*/133 >480 >480
> indicates greater than.
"imm" indicates immediate; having a normalized breakthrough time of 10 minutes or less.
* indicates based on lowest single value.

Special Warning from DuPont: Tychem® and Tyvek® fabrics should not be used around heat, flames, sparks or in potentially flammable or explosive environments. Only...

(DuPont, 2023)

First Aid
Excerpt from 125 Polymerizable warning [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:

Call 911 or emergency medical service. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; wash face and mouth before giving artificial respiration. Use a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. In case of skin contact with hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous (UN1052), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available. Keep victim calm and warm. Keep victim under observation. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. (ERG, 2020)

Physical Properties

Chemical Formula:
  • H3N (aqueous)
Flash Point: data unavailable
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): data unavailable
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable
Autoignition Temperature: data unavailable
Melting Point: data unavailable
Vapor Pressure: data unavailable
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): data unavailable
Specific Gravity: data unavailable
Boiling Point: data unavailable
Molecular Weight: data unavailable
Water Solubility: data unavailable
Ionization Energy/Potential: 10.18 eV [From NPG: Ammonia] (NIOSH, 2023)
IDLH: 300 ppm [From NPG: Ammonia] (NIOSH, 2023)

AEGLs (Acute Exposure Guideline Levels)

Final AEGLs for Ammonia (7664-41-7)
Exposure Period AEGL-1 AEGL-2 AEGL-3
10 minutes 30 ppm 220 ppm 2700 ppm
30 minutes 30 ppm 220 ppm 1600 ppm
60 minutes 30 ppm 160 ppm 1100 ppm
4 hours 30 ppm 110 ppm 550 ppm
8 hours 30 ppm 110 ppm 390 ppm
(NAC/NRC, 2023)

ERPGs (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)

Chemical ERPG-1 ERPG-2 ERPG-3
Ammonia (7664-41-7) 25 ppm star-in-circle icon indicates that odor should be detectable near ERPG-1. 150 ppm 1500 ppm
star-in-circle icon indicates that odor should be detectable near ERPG-1.
(AIHA, 2022)

PACs (Protective Action Criteria)

Chemical PAC-1 PAC-2 PAC-3
Ammonia (7664-41-7) 30 ppm 160 ppm 1100 ppm LEL = 150000 ppm
(DOE, 2018)

Regulatory Information

EPA Consolidated List of Lists

Regulatory Name CAS Number/
313 Category Code
EPCRA 302
EHS TPQ
EPCRA 304
EHS RQ
CERCLA RQ EPCRA 313
TRI
RCRA
Code
CAA 112(r)
RMP TQ
Ammonia 7664-41-7 500 pounds 100 pounds 100 pounds
Ammonia (anhydrous) 7664-41-7 500 pounds 100 pounds 100 pounds X 10000 pounds
Ammonia (conc 20% or greater) 7664-41-7 See ammonium hydroxide X 20000 pounds
Ammonia (includes anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia from water dissociable ammonium salts and other sources; 10 percent of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing) 7664-41-7 313

(EPA List of Lists, 2022)

CISA Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)

RELEASE THEFT SABOTAGE
Chemical of Interest CAS Number Min Conc STQ Security
Issue
Min Conc STQ Security
Issue
Min Conc STQ Security
Issue
Ammonia (anhydrous) 7664-41-7 1.00 % 10000 pounds toxic
Ammonia (conc. 20% or greater) 7664-41-7 20.00 % 20000 pounds toxic

(CISA, 2007)

OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard List

Chemical Name CAS Number Threshold Quantity (TQ)
Ammonia solutions (>44% ammonia by weight) 7664-41-7 15000 pounds
Ammonia, Anhydrous 7664-41-7 10000 pounds

(OSHA, 2019)

Alternate Chemical Names