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Chemical Datasheet
ACETIC ANHYDRIDE |
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Chemical Identifiers
CAS Number |
UN/NA Number |
DOT Hazard Label |
USCG CHRIS Code |
- 108-24-7
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- Corrosive
- Flammable Liquid
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|
NIOSH Pocket Guide |
International Chem Safety Card |
Acetic anhydride
|
|
NFPA 704
General Description
A clear colorless liquid with a strong odor of vinegar. Flash point 129°F. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Density 9.0 lb /gal. Used to make fibers, plastics, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and explosives.
Hazards
Reactivity Alerts
Air & Water Reactions
Flammable. Reacts violently with water to generate acetic acid. This reaction is heightened by the presence of mineral acids (nitric, perchloric, sulfuric acid, etc.) [Chem. Eng. News 25, 3458].
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors are generated when heated.
Behavior in Fire: Dangerous when exposed to heat or fire. (USCG, 1999)
Health Hazard
Liquid is volatile and causes little irritation on uncovered skin. However, causes severe burns when clothing is wet with the chemical or if it enters gloves or shoes. Causes skin and eye burns and irritation of respiratory tract. Nausea and vomiting may develop after exposure. (USCG, 1999)
Reactivity Profile
ACETIC ANHYDRIDE reacts violently on contact with water, steam, methanol, ethanol, glycerol and boric acid. Reaction with water is particularly dangerous in presence with mineral acids (e.g., nitric, perchloric, chromic, sulfuric acid) [Chem. Eng. News 25, 3458]. Potentially explosive reactions with oxidizing reagents such as barium peroxide, chromium trioxide, chromic acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, peroxyacetic acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide. [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 15]. Reacts violently with metal nitrates used as nitrating agents [Davey W. et al., Chem. & Ind., 1948, p. 814].
Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s)
Potentially Incompatible Absorbents
Use caution: Liquids with this reactive group classification have been
known to react with the
absorbents
listed below.
- Cellulose-Based Absorbents
- Mineral-Based & Clay-Based Absorbents
- Dirt/Earth
Response Recommendations
Isolation and Evacuation
Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:
IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.
FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)
Firefighting
Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:
When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.
SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.
FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)
Non-Fire Response
Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)
Protective Clothing
Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Acetic anhydride:
Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.
Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.
Provide:
• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.
• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)
DuPont Tychem® Suit Fabrics
Normalized Breakthrough Times (in Minutes)
Chemical |
CAS Number |
State |
QS |
QC |
SL |
C3 |
TF |
TP |
RC |
TK |
RF |
Acetic anhydride |
108-24-7 |
Liquid |
|
|
12*/48 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
>480 |
Special Warning from DuPont: Tychem® and Tyvek® fabrics should not be
used around heat, flames, sparks or in potentially flammable or
explosive environments. Only...
(DuPont, 2024)
First Aid
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.
INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)
Physical Properties
Flash Point:
121°F
(NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL):
2.9 %
(NTP, 1992)
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL):
10.3 %
(NTP, 1992)
Autoignition Temperature:
626°F
(USCG, 1999)
Melting Point:
-99.6°F
(NTP, 1992)
Vapor Pressure:
10 mmHg
at 96.8°F
(NTP, 1992)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air):
3.52
(NTP, 1992)
- Heavier than air; will sink
Specific Gravity:
1.08
(USCG, 1999)
- Denser than water; will sink
Boiling Point:
283.19°F
at 760 mmHg
(NTP, 1992)
Molecular Weight:
102.09
(NTP, 1992)
Water Solubility:
Soluble in cold (greater than or equal to 10mg/ml); Decomposes in hot
(NTP, 1992)
Ionization Energy/Potential:
10.00 eV
(NIOSH, 2024)
IDLH:
200 ppm
(NIOSH, 2024)
AEGLs (Acute Exposure Guideline Levels)
No AEGL information available.
ERPGs (Emergency Response Planning Guidelines)
Chemical |
ERPG-1 |
ERPG-2 |
ERPG-3 |
Acetic Anhydride (108-24-7)
|
0.5 ppm  |
15 ppm |
100 ppm |
(AIHA, 2022)
PACs (Protective Action Criteria)
Chemical |
PAC-1 |
PAC-2 |
PAC-3 |
|
Acetic anhydride (108-24-7)
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0.5 ppm |
15 ppm |
100 ppm |
LEL = 27000 ppm |
(DOE, 2024)
Regulatory Information
EPA Consolidated List of Lists
Regulatory Name |
CAS Number/ 313 Category Code |
EPCRA 302 EHS TPQ |
EPCRA 304 EHS RQ |
CERCLA RQ |
EPCRA 313 TRI |
RCRA Code |
CAA 112(r) RMP TQ |
Acetic anhydride |
108-24-7 |
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5000 pounds |
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(EPA List of Lists, 2024)
CISA Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS)
No regulatory information available.
OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard List
No regulatory information available.
Alternate Chemical Names
- ACETIC ACID ANHYDRIDE
- ACETIC ACID, ANHYDRIDE (9CI)
- ACETIC ANHYDRIDE
- ACETIC OXIDE
- ACETYL ACETATE
- ACETYL ANHYDRIDE
- ACETYL ETHER
- ACETYL OXIDE
- ETHANOIC ANHYDRATE
- ETHANOIC ANHYDRIDE