D-LIMONENE

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Clear colorless mobile liquid with a pleasant lemon-like odor. (NTP, 1992)

• Highly Flammable

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation and sensitization of the skin. It may also cause eye irritation and damage. Ingestion of large doses may lead to albuminuria and hematuria. This type of compound irritates all tissues intensely and may cause circulatory collapse. Ingestion of this type of compound may cause abdominal burning, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dysuria, hematuria, unconsciousness, shallow respiration, and convulsions. Inhalation of this type of compound may cause dizziness, rapid and shallow breathing, tachycardia, bronchial irritation, unconsciousness and convulsions. Anuria, pulmonary edema and bronchia pneumonia may complicate recovery after either type of exposure.

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is a skin irritant and sensitizer. It is also an eye irritant. It may be harmful by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. (NTP, 1992)

D-LIMONENE is sensitive to exposure to light. Atmospheric oxidation can occur. This chemical is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It reacts violently with (iodine pentafluoride + tetrafluoroethylene). With dry hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide, it forms monohalides. With aqueous hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide, it forms the dihalide. (NTP, 1992)

• Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Use caution: Liquids with this reactive group classification have been known to react with the absorbent listed below.

• Dirt/Earth

Excerpt from 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2020)

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter).

RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: If this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, replace them at once.

Glove Type Model Number Thickness Bkthru Time
Polyvinyl alcohol Edmont 25-545 0.23 mm 480 min
Nitrile Edmont 37-155 0.38 mm 480 min
Viton North F-091 0.23 mm 480 min
Neoprene Edmont 29-870 0.43 mm 60 min (NTP, 1992)

Normalized Breakthrough Times (in Minutes)

Chemical	CAS Number	State	QS	QC	SL	C3	TF	TP	RC	TK	RF
Limonene d-	5989-27-5	Liquid		imm		>480	>480	>480	>480	>480	>480
Methyl 4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene, 1-	5989-27-5	Liquid		imm		>480	>480	>480	>480	>480	>480

Special Warning from DuPont: Tychem® and Tyvek® fabrics should not be used around heat, flames, sparks or in potentially flammable or explosive environments. Only...

(DuPont, 2023)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

• (+)-ALPHA-LIMONENE
• BIOGENIC SE 374
• CARVENE
• (+)-CARVENE
• CITRENE
• CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (R)-
• D-(+)-LIMONENE
• D-LIMONENE
• D-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE
• (+)-DIPENTENE
• EC 7
• GLIDESAFE
• GLIDSAFE
• (+)-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-METHYLCYCLOHEXENE
• (+)-LIMONENE
• LIMONENE, (+)-
• NCI-C55572
• P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE
• (+)-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE
• P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE, (R)-(+)-
• (R)-(+)-LIMONENE
• (4R)-(+)-LIMONENE
• (R)-(+)-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE
• (R)-1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)CYCLOHEXENE
• (R)-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE
• (R)-LIMONENE
• (+)-(R)-LIMONENE
• (+)-(4R)-LIMONENE
• (R)-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE
• (+)-R-LIMONENE
• 4R-LIMONENE
• REFCHOLE